Bangla 101; Lesson 003: Present Perfect Tense /Past Tense

Present perfect tense : action started in the past, continuing in the present and time period is not finished

Verb Formation:

all verbs are H.S. = ending

*a = e ; long verb ending in a = i

VR = 1st = 2nd for. = 2nd inf. = 3rd formal = 3rd inf.
POR = PoRechi = PoRechen = PoRecho = PoRechen = PoReche (read)
bOl = bolechi = bolechen = bolecho = bolechen = boleche (say/talk)
oTH = uThechi = uThechen = uThecho = uThechen = uTheche (get up)
khEl = khelechi = khelechen = khelecho = khelechen = kheleche (play)
SEkh = Sikhechi = Sikhechen = Sikhecho = Sikhechen = Sikheche (leatn)

aS = eSechi = eSechen = eSecho = eSechen = eSeche (come)
Thak = Thekechi = Thekechen = Thekecho = Thekechen = Thekeche (stay / leave it)
kha = kheyechi = kheyechen = kheyecho = kheyechen = kheyeche (eat/drink/ anything to put inside mouth)

ja = giyechi = giyechen = giyecho = giyechen = giyeche (go)
ne = niyechi = niyechen = niyecho = niyechen = niyeche (take)

ghuma = ghumiyechi = ghumiyechen = ghumiyecho = ghumiyechen = ghumiyeche (sleep)
Cala = Caliyechi = Caliyechen = Caliyecho = Caliyechen = Caliyeche (drive)

Negative Past Tense:
present tense + ni

negative present tense
present tense + na

e.g.
+ past tense: ami gotokal baNla Sikhechi = i yesterday bangla learned = i learned bangla yesterday
- past tense: ami gotokal baNla Sikhi ni = i yesterday bangla learn not = i did not learn bangla yesterday.

present tense : ami jay = i go = i'm going
past tense : ami gotokal giyechi = i yesterday went = i went yesterday
present perfect : ami giyechi = ami go = i just went
- present tense : ami jay na = i go no = i'm not going
- past tense : ami jay ni = i go not = i didn't go.

present tense : ami biryani khai = i biryani eat = i eat biryani
past tense : ami Sokale biryani kheyechi = i morning biryani ate = i ate biryani this morning
present perfect : ami biryani kheyechi = i biryani eaten = i have eaten a biryani
- present tense : ami biryani khai na = i biryani eat no = i don't eat biryani ' i'm not eating
- past tense : ami biryani khai ni = i biryani eat not = i didn't eat the biryani


Present Perfect Tense
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Bangla 101: Lesson 002: Present Tense

Verb Formation

In bangla, learning the right verb to use is crucial (I find it crucial!). Verb changes not just according to tense but also according to the pronoun use. If in English language, we just have to learn the verb formation according to past, future and present tense, in bangla you need to know the tenses and the pronouns and if it is for formal or informal conversation.

There are different rules in Verb Formation, and for easier recall and understanding, verb root are group into six, 1) initial – where letter “a” is in the beginning of the verb; 2) middle – letter “a” is in the middle; 3) Final – letter “a” is in ending; 4) others – verbs with different ending and doesn’t fall under 1 or 2; 5) consonant ending; and 6) long verbs – verb root that are 2 syllables.

Verb Root
1. Initial:
aS = come
an = bring

2. Middle
thak = leave / stay (keep
jan = know
par = can, able

3. Final
kha = eat, drink, smoking, taking medicines, any action of putting something inside/thru the mouth
ja = go
Pa = get, receive
Ca = want

4. Others
ne = take
de = give

5. Consonant ending
Sekh = learn
Lekh = write
khel = play
dEkh = look, see, watch
bOl = say, speak, talk
POR = read
kOr = do
bOS = sit
oTh = get up
Son = listen
Bojh = understand

6. Long verbs
ghuma = sleep
Cala = drive
bana = make, prepare
Patha = send
doWra = run

Note: C =ch, S = sh, s = s


PRESENT TENSE; present action; habitual action

Rules Formation:

1. Verbs with “a” initial, middle, final position and long verbs: V.R. + personal ending

V.R. = 1st = 2nd formal = 2nd informal = 3rd formal = 3rd informal
aS (come) = aSi = aSen = aSo = aSen = aSe
thak (stay) = thaki = thaken = thako = thaken = thake
ja (go) = jay = jan = jaw= jan =jaY
ghuma (sleep) ghumay = ghuman = ghumaw = ghuman = ghumaY

2. For consonant ending verbs, only 1st person is exception, it will be H.S.(high stem) + ending but other persons same as before V.R. + ending

a = e; E = e; e = i; O = o; o = u

V.R. = 1st = 2nd formal = 2nd informal = 3rd formal = 3rd informal
Sekh (learn) = Sikhi = Sekhen = Sekho = Sekhen = Sekhe
lekh (write) = likhi = lekhen = lekho =lekhen = lekhe
khEl (play) = kheli = khElen = khElo = khElen = khEle
bOl (speak) = boli = bOlen = bOlo = bOlen = bOle
oth (get up) = uthi = othen = otho = othen = othe

Exception:

ne (take) = ney = nen =new = nen = neY
de (give) = dey = den = dew = den = deY

negative: add “na”
ami bujhi na = I understand no = I don’t understand

Bangla 101: Lesson 001

Note: big N = ng; small n = n; big S = sh, small s = s.

Rules in Bangla 3 locative ending (at, in, to, for, by)
1. For consonant ending noun, add "e"
e.g. Gulshane , baSe , Mirpure

2. For vowels ending noun, add "te"
e.g. bOnanite , CNGite , dhanmondite

3. when ending with a, add Y(e)
e.g. DhakaY , americaY , khulnaY , rikshaY

Sample sentences:
Q: apnar oPhis kothay? (your office where = where is your office?)
A: amar ophis Gulshane (my office gulshan = my office is in gulshan)

Q: aPnar baSa kothay? (your house where = where is your house?)
A: amar baSa bOnanite (my house banani = my house is in banani)

DIRECTIONS:
ba.me = left
Da.ne = right
di.ke = to the
bam dike = to the left
dan dike = to the right
So.ja = straight
Sam.ne = infront
Pi.cho.ne = behind
bhi.to.re = inside
bay.re = outside
u.po.re = up /top
ni.che = under / down

ut.tor = north uttor dike = to the north
pur.bo / pub = east purbo dike = to the east
poScim = west poScim dike = to the west
dok.khin = south dokkhin dike = to the south

e.kha.ne = here
o.kha.ne = there
e.ta = this
o.ta = that


Names of the Days
ro.bi.bar = sunday
Som.bar = monday
moN.gol.bar = tuesday
budh.bar = wednesday
bri.hoS.po.ti.bar = thursday
Su.kro.bar = friday
So.ni.bar = saturday

Parts of the Day
So.kal = morning
du.Pur = noon
bi.kal = afternoon
Son.dha = evening
rat = night

Time
ghOn.Ta = hour
din = day
SOP.ta = week
MaS = month
bO.chor = year

gO.to = last
a.ga.mi = next
Pro.ti = every
aj.Ke / aj = today
go.to.kal = yesterday
a.ga.mi.kal = tomorrow
pro.ti.din = everyday

Expressions/feelings
khu.Si = happy
duk.khi.to = sorry / sad
mon kha.rap = sad / sorry
bes.to = busy
klan.to = tired
O.Sus.tho = sick

Personal Pronouns

Bangla 101: Sentence Composition & Verb Formation

Last 2010, I hired a bangla teacher for me. I learned the basic sentence composition and verb construction. But after the Basic Class, I stopped. The tutorial fee is quite hefty, 3000 taka/class which is 3 hours per day. I decided I will just continue learning on my own since I already know the basic sentence composition and the verb formation. But, I just totally ignored it.

Now, I'm re-learning the language again. Bangla is considered one of the toughest (if not the toughest) language in the world. I'm doing it simultaneously - reading & speaking - as I don't know which one is more effective for me. Of course, talking with the locals will be the best exercise, but since my language background is of formal learning, talking with the locals who are mostly using short cut and street dialects already will be confusing also. Reading can help me in expanding my vocabulary. This is an effective way in expanding one's vocabulary, I remember reading Funny Komiks, Bata-Batuta and Pambata as a kid, Sweet Valley Twins in grade school and Nancy Drew for my book reports in high school. Until now, I love to read books, and it's a hobby/passion that both me and my fiance share.

In reading, one has to recognize the bangla alphabets. Aside from recognizing it, one has to learn the proper & correct pronunciation of the Bangla alphabet first. A change or difference in pronunciation may mean another word.This is quite tough for me, I'm already declaring myself a tone deaf because I find it hard to recognized the difference between their 4 To/to/tho/Tho and 4 do/Do/dho/Dho and 3 sho/ssho/ssho.The bangla alphabets are tougher to recognize once it's form into words, there are two or 3 letters that you have to write together and it will look totally different character, and there's also a case that you can write this letters in two or 3 different ways.

Aside from the difficulty of recognizing and pronouncing the alphabets, the sentence composition can make your world turn around 360 degrees.It is the exact opposite of English sentence composition and verbs are confusing too. Basic formula for sentence compositions are:

1. subject + object + verb

in english we say "I understand bangla", in bangla we say "ami bangla bujhi", in direct english translation it's "I bangla understand"

2. Subject + time + place + object + verb
E: I learn Bangla in Banani on Saturday.
B: ami sonibar bonanite bangla sikhi.
i saturday in banani Bangla learn.

3. subject in possessive + noun/object + lagbe/dorkar (need)
E: I need water
B: amar pani lagbe
my/mine water need

I will try to write a separate post regarding this because there are lots of rules in sentence composition. The "articles" are not a word in bangla but are letters to be added with the noun. Take note that I'm not an expert here, I'm not even an english teacher so I will not be able to remember the right terms for some things. Who can remember the grade school english subject regarding Linking verbs, articles and a lot more, not me for sure.

Verbs are important to remember also. Verbs in bangla changes depending on who are you talking with, and that's what making it hard for me to memorize everything. Unlike in English and Filipino language where you can use one verb for 1st, 2nd and 3rd person, in Bangla that isn't the case. The bangla changes per person and take note that there are formal and informal verbs too. Use the formal verb form when talking to older persons, person of authority, formality between colleagues and strangers.

This is my excel sheet of verb construction. Notice that under the 2nd person and 3rd person, there is two column. First one is the formal form of You which is apni/apnara (singular/plural) and the informal form of you which is tumi/tomra (single/plural). The next column is the formal form of he/she/they are tini/tara(plural) and the informal form se/tara(plural). Notice also that there's no gender difference there.

Bangla 101 B

my handwritten bangla numbers, vowels and consonants

Updates on my learning the Bangla language.

I was able to memorize the numbers and alphabets in one hour :-) the other day. And yesterday, i started trying reading the ads in bangla. So my staff were amaze that I learn so quick. The problem is, the pronunciation of this alphabets. I still find them all sounding the same especially the four Ta (to) and the Da (Do) plus the three Sha (sho). In time I will learn them. I really have too.

Bangla 101

Some Bangla words and sentences that I learned within the 11 months here in Dhaka:

ki = what
kichuna = nothing
keno = why
ji = yes
nai = no
ki koro = what are u doing?
tumi kotai = where r u
dam koto = how much
chumam daw = kiss me / give me a kiss
ami bujtesi na = i dont understand
inglise bolo = speak in english
tumi ki bujhteso na = which u dont understand
tumi ki bujhteso = do u understand
koita porkchop khaiso = how many pieces of porkchop did u eat
hoise = im done. are u done
taratari = hurry up
bolen = tell me / talk
bolbo na = i dont like to tell
ami pochondo kori na = i dont like
khub sundor = very pretty
valo = good
valo achen = how are u
valo achi = im fine
tumi to valo bangla valo paro = u know bangla well
cholo = lets go
ghumate jai = go to sleep
ghumate jasso / jacho = are u goin to sleep
ami ghumate jai = im goin to sleep
jani na = i dont know
kemon ghurla "cox's" = how was ur trip in cox's
tumi eta kivabe / kemne korla(did/does) = how did u do it
mane ki atar = what is that
eta koro = do it
eta age ko = do it first
ami tomake shathe kotha bolte chai na = i dont like to talk to u
ami tomake shathe rag korechi = im angry with u
ami ki korte (can) pari (do)= what can i do
ami akhon khabo = im goin to eat
ami tomar thappor dibo = im goin to slap u
kotha na bolle khun korbo = if u dont talk, i will kill you :-)
eta ki = what is this
ami tomake valo vasi = i love you
ami tomake ghrena kori = i hate you
ami tomake miss kore - i miss you
moja ase = its tasty (with question mark: is it tasty?)
daraw = stop
aste = slow down / careful
chup koro = shut up
bhalo thako = take care
khaiso = did u eat
ki khaiso = what did u eat
ashen ( w/respect) accio (in general) = come
bushen (w/respect) = sit down


So far so good... but I can't converse yet in Bangla. Just the basic "how are you" exchange of dialogue :-) It is still a long way to go...